ETA JOURNAL REFERENCES
Last updated: 20 Oct 1999
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General
Black, T., 1994: The new NMC mesoscale Eta model: description and
forecast examples. Wea. Forecasting, 9, 265--278.
Mesinger, F., Z.I. Janjic, S. Nickovic, D. Gavrilov and D.G. Deaven,
1988: The step-mountain coordinate: model description and
performance for cases of alpine lee cyclogenesis and for a case of an
Appalachian redevelopment. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 1493--1518.
Rogers, E., T. L. Black, D. G. Deaven, G. J. DiMego, Q. Zhao, M. Baldwin,
N. W. Junker and Y. Lin, 1996: Changes to the operational ``Early'' Eta
analysis/forecast system at the National Centers for Environmental
Prediction. Wea. Forecasting, 11, 391--413.
Rogers, E., D. Deaven and G. J. DiMego, 1995: The regional analysis system
for the operational "early" Eta model: original 80-km configuration and
recent changes. Wea. Forecasting, 10, 810--825.
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Land Surface Physics/Hydrology
Betts, A.K., F. Chen, K.E. Mitchell and Z.I. Janjic, 1997: Assessment of
the land-surface and boundary-layer models in two operational versions
of the NCEP Eta model using FIFE data. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 2896--2916.
Chen, F., K. Mitchell, J. Schaake, Y. Xue, H.-L. Pan, V. Koren,
Q.Y. Duan, M. Ek and A. Betts, 1996: Modeling of land surface
evaporation by four schemes and comparison with FIFE observations.
J. Geophy. Research, 101, 7251--7268.
Chen, F., Z. Janjic and K. Mitchell, 1997: Impact of atmospheric-
surface layer parameterizations in the new land-surface scheme of the
NCEP mesoscale Eta numerical model. Boundary-Layer Meteorol, 85, 391--421.
(See Appendix B for a summary of Eta land surface physics).
Yucel, I., W.J. Shuttleworth, J. Washburne and F. Chen, 1998: Evaluating
NCEP Eta model-derived data against observations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126,
1977-1991.
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Physics:
Janjic, Z.I., 1990: The step-mountain coordinate: physical package.
Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1429--1443.
Janjic, Z.I., 1994: The step-mountain Eta coordinate model: further
developments of the convection, viscous sublayer, and turbulence closure
schemes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 927--945.
Janjic, Z.I., 1998: Realizability of the Mellor-Yamada Level 2.5 Scheme
and its Implementation in the NCEP Eta model. Submitted to Mon. Wea. Rev.
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Cloud Physics
Zhao, Q., and F.H. Carr, 1997: A prognostic cloud scheme for operational
NWP models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 1931--1953.
Zhao, Q., T.L. Black and M.E. Baldwin, 1997: Implementation of the cloud
prediction scheme in the Eta model at NCEP. Wea. Forecasting, 12, 697--711.
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Planetary Boundary Layer
Mellor, G.L., and T. Yamada, 1974: A hierarchy of turbulence closure models
for planetary boundary layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1791--1806.
Mellor, G.L., and T. Yamada, 1982: Development of a turbulence closure
model for geophysical fluid problems. Rev. Geophys. Space Phys.,
20, 851--875.
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Convective Parameterization
Betts, A.K., 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme. Part I:
Observational and theoretical basis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111,
1306--1335.
Betts, A.K., and M.J. Miller, 1986: A new convective adjustment scheme.
Part II: Single column tests using GATE wave, BOMEX, ATEX and Arctic
air-mass data sets. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 112, 693--709.
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Radiation
Fels, S.B., and M.D. Schwarztkopf, 1975: The simplified exchange
approximation: A new method for radiative transfer calculations.
J. Atmos. Sci., 32, 1475--1488
Lacis, A.A., and J.E. Hansen, 1974: A parameterization of the absorption
of solar radiation in the earth's atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 31,
118--133.
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ETA NCEP INTERNAL REFERENCES
Black, T. L., 1988: The step-mountain, Eta coordinate Regional Model:
A documentation. NWS/NMC Washington, 47pp [Available from NCEP, 5200
Auth Road, Washington D.C. 20233].
Black, T.L., D. Deaven and G. DiMego, 1993: The step-mountain Eta
coordinate model: 80-km 'early' version and objective verifications.
Technical Procedures Bulletin, No. 412, NOAA/NWS, 31 pp [National
Weather Service, Office of Meteorology, 1325 East-West Highway, Silver
Spring, MD 20910].
Black,T, M. Baldwin, K. Brill, F. Chen, G. DiMego, Z. Janjic,
G. Manikin, F. Mesinger, K. Mitchell, E. Rogers, and Q. Zhao, 1997:
Changes to the Eta forecast systems. Technical Procedures Bulletin,
No. 441, NOAA/NWS, [National Weather Service, Office of Meteorology,
1325 East-West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910]. On-line version
Gerrity, J., T. Black, M. Baldwin, L. Lobocki and M. Pecnick, 1992:
Report on the parallel test of the 46-layer version of the ETA model:
23 Mar - 1 Apr 92.
Lazic, L and B. Telenta, 1988: UB/NMC Eta model (documentation).
Lobocki, L., 1993: Ducumentation of the subroutine TRIDI.
Lobocki, L., 1993: Calculation of fluxes in the MRF and ETA models.
Lobocki, L., 1993: Supplementary explanation of the code of the
routines profq2 and profs.
Mesinger, F., T.L. Black and Z.I. Janjic, 199?: Sigma system
contribution to systematic errors in models of the atmosphere.
Mesinger, F., T.L. Black and Z.I. Janjic, 1992: The NMC's ``ETA''
coordinate model: Summary and convection scheme experiments.
Mesinger, F. and Z.I. Janjic, 199?: Finite-difference schemes for
the pressure gradient force and for the hydrostatic equation.
Mesinger, F., 1991: ``Etay'' parallel (``land convection''), running
through September-October '91 ("Version 3" running starting 12z
18 September). Office memo.
Mesinger, F., 1992: Turbulence closure fluxes in the Eta model:
A synopsis of the Valentine '91 case. Office memo.
Rogers, E., T. Black, D. Deaven, G. DiMego, Q. Zhao, Y. Lin,
N. W. Junker, and M. Baldwin, 1995: Changes to the NMC operational
Eta model analysis/forecast system. Technical Procedures
Bulletin No. 423, NOAA/NWS, 60 pp. [ National Weather Service,
Office of Meteorology, 1325 East-West Highway, Silver Spring,
MD 20910 ]
Rogers, E., M. Baldwin, T. Black, K. Brill, F. Chen, G. DiMego,
J. Gerrity, G. Manikin, F. Mesinger, K. Mitchell, D. Parrish, Q. Zhao,
1997: Changes to the NCEP Operational "Early" Eta Analysis/Forecast
System. Technical Procedures Bulletin No. 447, NOAA/NWS.
[ National Weather Service, Office of Meteorology, 1325 East-West
Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 ]. On-line version
Rogers, E., D. Parris and G. DiMego, 1999: Changes to the NCEP operational
Eta Analysis. Technical Procedures Bulletin, No.*** (not yet numbered),
NOAA/NWS. [ National Weather Service, Office of Meteorology, 1325 East-West
Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 ]. On-line version
Treadon, R.E., 1993: The NMC Eta Model post processor: A
documentation. NMC Office Note 394, NOAA/NWS, 44 pp. [Available from
the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, NOAA Science Center,
Room 101, 5200 Auth Road, Camp Springs, MD 20746.]
For the latest on-line Eta-related Technical Procedures Bulletins, go
here, look for the entry "ETA Model" in the "subject" column.