1. Turn on the surface obs in file nam_regional_convinfo.txt_cld
2. Turn off type 250 which was on by mistake when updating satwnd subtypes.
3. Put back gross error for surface winds to 5 m/s as in current operational NDAS; 6 m/s is used in the global.

1. 192 - sfc reports from synop land missing station and msl pressure
2. 193 - sfc reports from metar missing station and msl pressure
3. 194 - sfc reports from ship/cman/buoy missing station and msl pressure
4. 195 - sfc reports from mesonet missing station and msl pressure

1. The maximum number concentration of ice (NLImax) is a function of the rime factor (RF) and temperature.
   1. For conditions when ice densities are high (RF>=10), NLImax=1.e3, which allows for mean ice diameters to exceed 1 mm in size. This so-called "hail mode", which allows the mean ice diameters to exceed 1 mm in size, only occurs in conditions associated with intense convection.
   2. For conditions when ice densities are not high (RF<10), NLImax is 10 L-1 at 0C and decreases to 5 L-1 at <=-40C. When the mean diameters of ice particles reach 1 mm in size, then the criterion is relaxed and the number concentrations of ice (NLICE) can exceed NLImax. This change helps with promoting the development of stratiform precipitation.
2. Never adjust RF values when the number concentrations of ice (NLICE) exceed the maximum value (NLImax). The previous code would artificially increase the rime factor (ice densities) so that NLICE=NLImax, but this is no longer justified when the mass-weighted rime factor is being advected. This change also helps with promoting the development of stratiform precipitation.
3. Ice deposition does not change rime factor values (RF) of ice when RF>10 at temperatures >-40C. This change preserves helps with preserving the presence of high-density ice particles in intense convective cores.
4. Limit the increase in ice fall speeds due to reduced air resistance at low pressures (high altitudes) to not exceed a factor of 1.5 times the fall speeds at a reference pressure of 1000 hPa. This change prevents ice particles from falling too quickly in the upper troposphere.
5. At cold temperatures (<-30C), the maximum number concentrations of small ice crystals (NSImax) is calculated based on assuming 10% of the total ice content is due to cloud ice. This change allows for higher amounts of cloud ice to exist at the tops of intense onvective cores, which can then gradually be converted into snow as parcels move away from areas of intense convection.

1. The original jan19 version can result in NSImax=0 if there is no ice present, and that in turn could incorrectly lead to no ice present with NInuclei=0.
2. Fix made that set NSImax to be no less than NSI_max=250.e3 (250 per liter), so that NInuclei would be set to that value. This should lead to cloud ice now appearing at very cold temperatures. Note that NSImax can be >>250.e3 when there is a lot of ice present (like at the tops of convection); the value for NSI_max(=250.e3) just establishes a lower limit.

1. Turn on the diurnal reject lists and wbinuselist from RTMA
2. Turn on cloud analysis and diabatic digital filter initialization with radar-derived temperature tendencies during the NDAS tm09, tm06, and tm03 analysis/forecast

defc=0.005*(3-l+1.)/3.

to

defc=0.015*(3-l+1.)/3.

where l=the model level. This change eliminated the instability in the top model layers that caused the failures in the 00z 1/3 and 00z 1/4 NAMX runs in the Alaska nest.

1. Minimum effective radius for cloud droplets varies from 10 microns at 20C to 15 microns at 0C
2. Number concentration of cloud droplets varies from 200 cm^-3 at 20C to 50 cm^-3 at 0C.
3. Treat all ice as cloud ice in RRTM's progcld2. The effective radius for cloud ice is parameterized following McFarquhar & Heymsfield (1996, J. Atmos. Sci.)
4. Build in tiny amounts of cloud within RRTM driver when no cloud is present and RH>95%.
5. Used the "sep17" version of the modified fer_hires microphysics with RHgrd=98%.
6. Changes to the JSFC surface layer, increasing ZTmax1 & ZTmax2 from 1.0 to 9.0.
7. Added the snow cover array (SNOWC, the fraction of the grid covered by snow) that is calculated in the Noah LSM. The maximum fraction is capped at 0.98 (98% coverage) rather than 1.00 (100%) as in the repository code. The SNOWC array is provided as input to the RRTM radiation for the snow cover, where it is calculated following Marshall et al. (1994; =SNOW/[SNOW+70] for SNOW depth in mm).
8. The fraction of frozen precipitation is partitioned into liquid and frozen contributions for accumulation in the land surface model. The liquid portion goes into the soil, the frozen portion contributes to the snow pack. Rime factor is passed into the Noah LSM and used to increase the density of the incoming frozen precipitation in order to reduce the depth of snow accumulations in marginal winter conditions with complex precipitation types. Also, the upper limit of snow density is increased from 0.4 g/cm^3 to 0.9 g/cm^3.
9. Provide the full time step (DT) rather than integer of the time step (DT_INT) into the RRTM radiation driver, and provide the double-precision version of the full sigma array into the RRTM's subroutine rad_initialize (affected only diagnostic fields).

1. NOAA-19 AMSU-A Ch 7
2. NOAA-19 MHS Ch 3

1. Increase long wave cloud emissivities by 1.5x
2. Increase minimum cloud droplet radius from 5 to to 15 microns

1. Turn on new satellite bias correction.
2. Upgrade GSI to include GFS spectral IO modification which will improve wall time and reduce memory requirement; needed for global ensemble with higher resolution.
3. Monitor GOES hourly visible winds

1. 12 km North American parent domain : cleffamp=2.244, cdmb=0.1
2. Alaska 6 km nest domain : cleffamp=1.0, cdmb=0.5

1. Redo the use of radiosonde significant level data
2. Changes to use CRTM2.1.3
3. Assorted bug fixes
4. Add endian-independent open mechanism

FR = BNV * ULOI(I) * min(HPRIME(J),hpmax)

where hprime is the standard deviation of the terrain height, BNV is Brunt-Vaisala frequency, and ULOI is 1/Umean, the mean low-level flow.

TEM = MAX(VELCO(I,K)*VELCO(I,K), .0001)

to

TEM = MAX(VELCO(I,K)*VELCO(I,K), .1)

where

SCR = BNV2(I,K) / TEM

where BNV2 is the Brunt-Vaisala frequency. This change was made to make this expression consistent with the GFS version.

1. Evergreen Needleleaf Forest
2. Deciduous Broadleaf Forest
3. Mixed Forests
4. Croplands
5. Cropland/natural vegetation mosaic

1. Turn on variational QC scheme in GSI code
2. Assimilate Meteosat 10 wind subtypes with different data thinning

1. No parameterized convection in the parallel CONUS nest
2. SIGFAC=3 in the gravity wave drag formulation in the parallel Alaska nest

1. Decreased NLImax (the maximum number of large ice particles) from 20.e3 (20 per liter) to 10.e3 (20 per liter).

1. Replace refractivity with bending angle from satellites GRACE A, COSMIC 1-6, METOP A
2. Turn on bending angle obs from TSX, SAC-C, C/NOFS
3. Set cut off height to 30 km (12mb)

1. An error in the LCL layer in the triggering part of the code was fixed
2. CAPE is checked instead of entropy in the triggering part of the code
3. Redundant constant definitions through argument list and use are removed
4. Weak momentum transport by shallow convection
5. Combination of old and new shallow convection

1. The maximum condensate mixing ratio is < QWmax.
2. Only shallow convection is present, do not apply to deep convection.
3. Only apply if the depth of shallow convection is between CU_DEEP_MIN (50 hPa) and CU_DEEP_MAX (200 hPa).
4. Convective precipitation rate must be <0.01 mm/h.