Environmental Modeling Center, NWS

SYSTEMATIC ERRORS IN OPERATIONAL GLOBAL FORECASTS FOR MAR 2001

Cross-sections of geopotential height
Cross-sections of temperature
Cross-sections of horizontal divergence
Equatorial cross-sections

REGIONAL ERRORS

Regional height errors
Regional temperature errors
Regional zonal wind errors
Regional wind errors
Regional relative humidity errors
Regional vertical velocity errors
Regional horizontal divergence errors
Longitude-time diagrams
Transient eddy kinetic energy
Root-mean-square wind errors

MODEL PHYSICS

PRECIPITATION
Precipitation
United States Precipitation
Evaporation
Sensible Heat
2 Meter and Skin Temperature
Precipitable Water
CLOUDS
Low clouds
Middle clouds
High clouds
Total cloud cover
Zonal sfc stress
Meridional sfc stress
Zonal 10m wind
Meridional 10m wind
10m wind speed
10m wind horizontal divergence
Outgoing longwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere
Net shortwave radiation at the surface
Net longwave radiation at the surface
Net heat flux at the surface

AREA-AVERAGED ERRORS verified against global analyses

TEMPERATURE	TEMPERATURE OVER LAND	TEMPERATURE OVER OCEAN
global	global	global
60-90N	60-90N	60-90N
30-60N	30-60N	30-60N
30S-30N	30S-30N	30S-30N
30-60S	30-60S	30-60S
60-90S	60-90S	60-90S

ZONAL WIND	ZONAL WIND OVER LAND	ZONAL WIND OVER OCEAN
global	global	global
60-90N	60-90N	60-90N
30-60N	30-60N	30-60N
30S-30N	30S-30N	30S-30N
30-60S	30-60S	30-60S
60-90S	60-90S	60-90S

ZONAL MEAN FIELDS verified against global analyses

HEIGHT	TEMPERATURE	ZONAL WIND	MERID WIND	REL HUMID	VERT MOTION	HORIZ DIV
		anl, 7dy means	anl, 1dy means		anl, 1dy means	anl, 1dy means
			6 hr means		6 hr means	6 hr means
		anl, 15dy means	3dy, 5dy means		3dy, 5dy means	3dy, 7dy means
			7dy, 8dy means		7dy, 8dy means
			10dy, 15dy means	anl, 15dy means	10dy, 15dy means	anl, 15dy means
6hr error	6hr error	6hr error	6hr error	6hr error	6hr error	6hr error
1, 3 dy error	1, 3 dy error	1, 3 dy error	1, 3 dy error	1, 3 dy error	1, 3 dy error	1, 3 dy error
5, 7 dy error	5, 7 dy error	5, 7 dy error	5 dy error	5, 7 dy error	5, 7 dy error	5, 7 dy error
7 dy error, 8dy-7dy	7 dy error, 8dy-7dy		7, 8 dy error	8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8 dy error, 8dy-7dy	8 dy error, 8dy-7dy
10, 15 dy error	10, 15 dy error	10, 15 dy error	10, 15 dy error	10, 15 dy error	10, 15 dy error	10, 15 dy error

LONGITUDE-PRESSURE CROSS-SECTIONS OF ERRORS verified against global analyses

GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT

45N	EQUATOR	45S
anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst
6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error
1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error
10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error

TEMPERATURE

60N	45N	30N	EQUATOR	30S	60S
anl,15dy mean	anl,15dy mean	anl,15dy mean	anl,15dy mean	anl,15dy mean	anl,15dy mean
6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error
1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error
10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error

HORIZONTAL DIVERGENCE

25N	5N	10S	30S
anl,1dy mean	anl,1dy mean	anl,1dy mean	anl,1dy mean
6 hr mean	6 hr mean	6 hr mean	6 hr mean
3,7dy mean	3,7dy mean	3,7dy mean	3,7dy mean
10,15dy mean	10,15dy mean	10,15dy mean	10,15dy mean
6hr error	6hr error	6hr error	6hr error
1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error
10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error

EQUATOR

ZONAL WIND	MERID WIND	REL HUMID	VERT VELOC
anl,7dy mean	anl,7dy mean		anl,1dy mean
			6 hr mean
			3,5dy mean
			7,8dy mean
anl,15dy mean	anl,15dy mean	anl,15dy mean	10dy,15dy mean
6 hr error	6hr error	6hr error	6hr error
1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error
			8dy,8dy-7dy error
10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error

REGIONAL ERRORS verified against global analyses

GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT

1000 mb	500 mb	250 mb	100 mb	50 mb	10 mb
anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst
6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error
1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error
8dy,8dy-7dy error	8dy,8dy-7dy error	8dy,8dy-7dy error	8dy,8dy-7dy error	8dy,8dy-7dy error	8dy,8dy-7dy error
10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error

Extratropical Northern Hemisphere

1000 mb	500 mb	250 mb	100 mb	50 mb	10 mb
anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst
3dy,5dy fcst	3dy,5dy fcst	3dy,5dy fcst
7dy,10dy fcst	7dy,10dy fcst	7dy,10dy fcst
6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error
1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error
8dy,8dy-7dy error	8dy,8dy-7dy error	8dy,8dy-7dy error	8dy,8dy-7dy error	8dy,8dy-7dy error	8dy,8dy-7dy error
10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error

TEMPERATURE

1000 mb	925 mb	850 mb	700 mb	500 mb
anl,15dy fcst		anl,15dy fcst		anl,15dy fcst
6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error
1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error
8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy
10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error

300 mb	200 mb	100 mb	50 mb	10 mb
6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error
1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error
8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy
10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error

Extratropical Northern Hemisphere

1000 mb	925 mb	850 mb	700 mb	500 mb
anl,15dy fcst		anl,15dy fcst		anl,15dy fcst
		3dy,5dy fcst
		7dy,10dy fcst
6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error
1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error
8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy
10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error

300 mb	200 mb	100 mb	50 mb	10 mb
6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error
1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error	1,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error
8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy
10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error

ZONAL WIND

850 mb	250 mb	150 mb
anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst
6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error
1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error
10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error

Extratropical Northern Hemisphere

850 mb	250 mb	150 mb
anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst
3dy,5dy fcst	3dy,5dy fcst
7dy,10dy fcst	7dy,10dy fcst
6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error
1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error
10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error

VECTOR WIND

850 mb	150 mb
anl,15dy fcst western hemisphere	anl,15dy fcst western hemisphere
anl,15dy fcst eastern hemisphere	anl,15dy fcst eastern hemisphere
6 hr error	6 hr error
1dy error	1dy error
3dy error	3dy error
5dy error	5dy error
7dy error	7dy error
10dy error	10dy error
15dy error	15dy error

WIND STREAMFUNCTION

850 mb	150 mb
anl,15dy fcst western hemisphere	anl,15dy fcst western hemisphere
anl,15dy fcst eastern hemisphere	anl,15dy fcst eastern hemisphere
6 hr error	6 hr error
1dy error	1dy error
3dy error	3dy error
5dy error	5dy error
7dy error	7dy error
10dy error	10dy error
15dy error	15dy error

RELATIVE HUMIDITY

925 mb	850 mb	400 mb	150 mb
anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst
6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error	6 hr error
1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error	5,7dy error
8dy, 8dy-7dy error	8dy, 8dy-7dy error	8dy, 8dy-7dy error	8dy, 8dy-7dy error
10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error	10,15dy error

VERTICAL VELOCITY

850 mb	500 mb
anl,1dy fcst	anl,1dy fcst
6 hr fcst	6 hr fcst
3,5dy fcst	3,5dy fcst
7,8dy fcst	7,8dy fcst
10dy,15dy fcst	10dy,15dy fcst
6 hr error	6 hr error
1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error
8dy, 8dy-7dy error	8dy, 8dy-7dy error
10,15dy error	10,15dy error

HORIZONTAL DIVERGENCE

200 mb	150 mb
anl,1dy fcst	anl,1dy fcst
6 hr fcst	6 hr fcst
3,7dy fcst	3,7dy fcst
anl,15dy fcst	anl,15dy fcst
6 hr error	6 hr error
1dy,3dy error	1dy,3dy error
5,7dy error	5,7dy error
8dy error, 8dy-7dy	8dy error, 8dy-7dy
10,15dy error	10,15dy error

LONGITUDE-TIME DIAGRAMS

Meridional Wind 850 mb

15N

analyses for 1 dy fcsts	analyses for 3 dy fcsts	analyses for 5 dy fcsts	analyses for 7 dy fcsts	analyses for 8 dy fcsts	analyses for 10 dy fcsts	analyses for 15 dy fcsts
1 day fcsts	3 day fcsts	5 day fcsts	7 day fcsts	8 day fcsts	10 day fcsts	15 day fcsts
errors in 1 day fcsts	errors in 3 day fcsts	errors in 5 day fcsts	errors in 7 day fcsts	errors in 8 day fcsts	errors in 10 day fcsts	errors in 15 day fcsts

EQUATOR

analyses for 1dy fcsts	analyses for 3dy fcsts	analyses for 5dy fcsts	analyses for 7dy fcsts	analyses for 8dy fcsts	analyses for 10dy fcsts	analyses for 15dy fcsts
1 day fcsts	3 day fcsts	5 day fcsts	7 day fcsts	8 day fcsts	10 day fcsts	15 day fcsts
errors in 1 day fcsts	errors in 3 day fcsts	errors in 5 day fcsts	errors in 7 day fcsts	errors in 8 day fcsts	errors in 10 day fcsts	errors in 15 day fcsts

15S

analyses for 1dy forecasts	analyses for 3dy forecasts	analyses for 5dy forecasts	analyses for 7dy forecasts	analyses for 8dy forecasts	analyses for 10dy forecasts	analyses for 15dy forecasts
1 day fcsts	3 day fcsts	5 day fcsts	7 day fcsts	8 day fcsts	10 day fcsts	15 day fcsts
errors in 1 day fcsts	errors in 3 day fcsts	errors in 5 day fcsts	errors in 7 day fcsts	errors in 8 day fcsts	errors in 10 day fcsts	errors in 15 day fcsts

Meridional Wind 200 mb

60N

analyses for 1dy forecasts	analyses for 3dy forecasts	analyses for 5dy forecasts	analyses for 7dy forecasts	analyses for 8dy forecasts	analyses for 10dy forecasts	analyses for 15dy forecasts
1 day fcsts	3 day fcsts	5 day fcsts	7 day fcsts	8 day fcsts	10 day fcsts	15 day fcsts
errors in 1 day fcsts	errors in 3 day fcsts	errors in 5 day fcsts	errors in 7 day fcsts	errors in 8 day fcsts	errors in 10 day fcsts	errors in 15 day fcsts

45N

analyses for 1dy fcsts	analyses for 3dy fcsts	analyses for 5dy fcsts	analyses for 7dy fcsts	analyses for 8dy fcsts	analyses for 10dy fcsts	analyses for 15dy fcsts
1 day fcsts	3 day fcsts	5 day fcsts	7 day fcsts	8 day fcsts	10 day fcsts	15 day fcsts
errors in 1 day fcsts	errors in 3 day fcsts	errors in 5 day fcsts	errors in 7 day fcsts	errors in 8 day fcsts	errors in 10 day fcsts	errors in 15 day fcsts

30N

analyses for 1dy fcsts	analyses for 3dy fcsts	analyses for 5dy fcsts	analyses for 7dy fcsts	analyses for 8dy fcsts	analyses for 10dy fcsts	analyses for 15dy fcsts
1 day fcsts	3 day fcsts	5 day fcsts	7 day fcsts	8 day fcsts	10 day fcsts	15 day fcsts
errors in 1 day fcsts	errors in 3 day fcsts	errors in 5 day fcsts	errors in 7 day fcsts	errors in 8 day fcsts	errors in 10 day fcsts	errors in 15 day fcsts

15N

analyses for 1dy fcsts	analyses for 3dy fcsts	analyses for 5dy fcsts	analyses for 7dy fcsts	analyses for 8dy fcsts	analyses for 10dy fcsts	analyses for 15dy fcsts
1 day fcsts	3 day fcsts	5 day fcsts	7 day fcsts	8 day fcsts	10 day fcsts	15 day fcsts
errors in 1 day fcsts	errors in 3 day fcsts	errors in 5 day fcsts	errors in 7 day fcsts	errors in 8 day fcsts	errors in 10 day fcsts	errors in 15 day fcsts

EQUATOR

analyses for 1dy fcsts	analyses for 3dy fcsts	analyses for 5dy fcsts	analyses for 7dy fcsts	analyses for 8dy fcsts	analyses for 10dy fcsts	analyses for 15dy fcsts
1 day fcsts	3 day fcsts	5 day fcsts	7 day fcsts	8 day fcsts	10 day fcsts	15 day fcsts
errors in 1 day fcsts	errors in 3 day fcsts	errors in 5 day fcsts	errors in 7 day fcsts	errors in 8 day fcsts	errors in 10 day fcsts	errors in 15 day fcsts

15S

analyses for 1dy fcsts	analyses for 3dy fcsts	analyses for 5dy fcsts	analyses for 7dy fcsts	analyses for 8dy fcsts	analyses for 10dy fcsts	analyses for 15dy fcsts
1 day fcsts	3 day fcsts	5 day fcsts	7 day fcsts	8 day fcsts	10 day fcsts	15 day fcsts
errors in 1dy fcsts	errors in 3dy fcsts	errors in 5dy fcsts	errors in 7dy fcsts	errors in 8dy fcsts	errors in 10dy fcsts	errors in 15dy fcsts

30S

analyses for 1dy fcsts	analyses for 3dy fcsts	analyses for 5dy fcsts	analyses for 7dy fcsts	analyses for 8dy fcsts	analyses for 10dy fcsts	analyses for 15dy fcsts
1 dy fcsts	3 dy fcsts	5 dy fcsts	7 dy fcsts	8 dy fcsts	10 dy fcsts	15 dy fcsts
errors in 1dy fcsts	errors in 3dy fcsts	errors in 5dy fcsts	errors in 7dy fcsts	errors in 8dy fcsts	errors in 10dy fcsts	errors in 15dy fcsts

45S

analyses for 1dy fcsts	analyses for 3dy fcsts	analyses for 5dy fcsts	analyses for 7dy fcsts	analyses for 8dy fcsts	analyses for 10dy fcsts	analyses for 15dy fcsts
1 dy fcsts	3 dy fcsts	5 dy fcsts	7 dy fcsts	8 dy fcsts	10 dy fcsts	15 dy fcsts
errors in 1 dy fcsts	errors in 3 dy fcsts	errors in 5 dy fcsts	errors in 7 dy fcsts	errors in 8 dy fcsts	errors in 10 dy fcsts	errors in 15 dy fcsts

60S

analyses for 1dy fcsts	analyses for 3dy fcsts	analyses for 5dy fcsts	analyses for 7dy fcsts	analyses for 8dy fcsts	analyses for 10dy fcsts	analyses for 15dy fcsts
1 dy fcsts	3 dy fcsts	5 dy fcsts	7 dy fcsts	8 dy fcsts	10 dy fcsts	15 dy fcsts
errors in 1dy fcsts	errors in 3dy fcsts	errors in 5dy fcsts	errors in 7dy fcsts	errors in 8dy fcsts	errors in 10dy fcsts	errors in 15dy fcsts

TRANSIENT EDDY KINETIC ENERGY

zonal mean	850 mb	200 mb
anl, 5dy fcst	anl, 5dy fcst	anl, 5dy fcst
10, 15dy fcst	10, 15dy fcst	10, 15dy fcst
1dy, 3dy fcst errors	1dy, 3dy fcst errors	1dy, 3dy fcst errors
5dy, 7dy fcst errors	5dy, 7dy fcst errors	5dy, 7dy fcst errors
8dy, 10dy fcst errors	8dy, 10dy fcst errors	8dy, 10dy fcst errors
15dy fcst errors	15dy fcst errors	15dy fcst errors

Extratropical Northern Hemisphere

850 mb	200 mb
anl, 5dy fcst	anl, 5dy fcst
10, 15dy fcst	10, 15dy fcst
1dy, 3dy fcst errors	1dy, 3dy fcst errors
5dy, 7dy fcst errors	5dy, 7dy fcst errors
8dy, 10dy fcst errors	8dy, 10dy fcst errors
15dy fcst errors	15dy fcst errors

TRANSIENT EDDY MERIDIONAL HEAT FLUX

zonal mean	850 mb
anl, 5dy fcst	anl, 5dy fcst
10, 15dy fcst	10, 15dy fcst
1dy, 3dy fcst errors	1dy, 3dy fcst errors
5dy, 7dy fcst errors	5dy, 7dy fcst errors
8dy, 10dy fcst errors	8dy, 10dy fcst errors
15dy fcst errors	15dy fcst errors

Extratropical Northern Hemisphere

850 mb
anl, 5dy fcst
10, 15dy fcst
1dy, 3dy fcst errors
5dy, 7dy fcst errors
8dy, 10dy fcst errors
15dy fcst errors

RMS WIND ERROR

850 mb	200 mb
1dy fcst	1dy fcst
3dy fcst	3dy fcst
5dy fcst	5dy fcst
7dy fcst	7dy fcst
8dy fcst	8dy fcst
10dy fcst	10dy fcst
15dy fcst	15dy fcst
NORMALIZED
850 mb	200 mb
1dy fcst	1dy fcst
3dy fcst	3dy fcst
5dy fcst	5dy fcst
7dy fcst	7dy fcst
8dy fcst	8dy fcst
10dy fcst	10dy fcst
15dy fcst	15dy fcst

MODEL PHYSICS

PRECIPITATION

global mean precipitation
znl mean precip	0-6hr,0-24hr	dy1-firstguess,dy3-fg
znl mean land, ocean	48-72hr,96-120hr	dy5-fg,dy10-fg
znl mean precip OPI/CAMS	216-240hr,336-360hr	dy15-fg
OPI/CAMS estimate

UNITED STATES PRECIPITATION

0-6hr,0-24hr	dy1-firstguess,dy3-fg
48-72hr,96-120hr	dy5-fg,dy10-fg
216-240hr,336-360hr	dy15-fg
indep estimate

EVAPORATION

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
zonal mean land, ocean	COADS climatology for Mar.	dy5-fg, dy10-fg
		dy15-fg

SENSIBLE HEAT

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
zonal mean land, ocean	COADS climatology for Mar.	dy5-fg, dy10-fg
		dy15-fg

2 METER AND SKIN TEMPERATURE

dy3-dy1, dy5-dy1 2m	dy3-dy1, dy5-dy1 skin
dy10-dy1, dy15-dy1 2m	dy10-dy1, dy15-dy1 skin

PRECIPITABLE WATER

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
zonal mean land, ocean		dy5-fg, dy10-fg
		dy15-fg

LOW CLOUDS

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
zonal mean low clouds ISCCP	low clouds ISCCP	dy5-fg
zonal mean nephanalyses	zonal mean land, ocean	day10-fg,dy15-fg
zonal mean nephanalyses land, ocean	nephanalyses and 0-6 hr fcst	0-6hr minus nephanalyses

MIDDLE CLOUDS

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
zonal mean land, ocean	middle clouds ISCCP	dy5-fg
zonal mean nephanalyses	zonal mean middle clouds ISCCP	dy10-fg,dy15-fg
zonal mean nephanalyses land, ocean	nephanalyses and 0-6 hr fcst	0-6hr minus nephanalyses

HIGH CLOUDS

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
zonal mean land, ocean	high clouds ISCCP	dy5-fg
zonal mean nephanalyses	zonal mean high clouds ISCCP	dy10-fg,dy15-fg
zonal mean nephanalyses land, ocean	nephanalyses and 0-6 hr fcst	0-6hr minus nephanalyses

TOTAL CLOUD COVER

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
zonal mean land, ocean	clouds ISCCP	dy5-fg
zonal mean nephanalyses	zonal mean clouds ISCCP	dy10-fg,dy15-fg
zonal mean nephanalyses land, ocean	nephanalyses and 0-6 hr fcst	0-6hr minus nephanalyses

CONVECTIVE CLOUD COVER

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
zonal mean land, ocean		dy5-fg
		dy10-fg,dy15-fg

BOUNDARY LAYER CLOUD COVER

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
zonal mean land, ocean		dy5-fg
zonal mean nephanalyses		dy10-fg,dy15-fg
zonal mean nephanalyses land, ocean	nephanalyses and 0-6 hr fcst	0-6hr minus nephanalyses

ZONAL SURFACE STRESS

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg	equator
zonal mean land, ocean	COADS climatology for Mar.	dy5-fg
		dy10-fg, dy15-fg

MERIDIONAL SURFACE STRESS

zonal mean
zonal mean land, ocean

ZONAL 10-M WIND

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg	equator
zonal mean land, ocean		dy5-fg
		dy10-fg, dy15-fg

MERIDIONAL 10-M WIND

zonal mean
zonal mean land, ocean

10-M WIND SPEED

zonal mean	first guess, 1dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
zonal mean land, ocean	3 dy, 5 dy	dy5-fg
	10 dy, 15 dy	dy10-fg, dy15-fg

10-M WIND HORIZONTAL DIVERGENCE

zonal mean	first guess, 1dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
zonal mean land, ocean	3 dy, 5 dy	dy5-fg
	10 dy, 15 dy	dy10-fg, dy15-fg

OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION AT THE TOP OF THE ATMOSPHERE

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
first guess, satellite olr from CPC		dy5-fg, dy10-fg
zonal mean from satellite and first guess	first guess minus satellite olr	dy15-fg
standard deviation of daily olr from satellite	standard deviation of daily olr from first guess	standard deviation of daily olr from 96-120 hr fcsts

Longitude-time plots of TOA OLR

45N

satellite	0-6 hr	60-72 hr	96-120 hr

30N

satellite	0-6 hr	60-72 hr	96-120 hr

15N

satellite	0-6 hr	60-72 hr	96-120 hr

Equator

satellite	0-6 hr	60-72 hr	96-120 hr

NET SHORTWAVE RADIATION AT THE SURFACE

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-f06,dy3-f06
zonal mean over land, ocean	Mar 85-91 SRB	dy5-f06,dy10-f06
zonal mean Mar 85-91 SRB	dy15-f06

NET LONGWAVE RADIATION AT THE SURFACE

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
zonal mean over land, ocean		dy5-fg
		dy10-fg,dy15-fg

NET HEAT FLUX AT THE SURFACE

zonal mean	first guess, 15dy	dy1-fg,dy3-fg
zonal mean over land, ocean		dy5-fg
		dy10-fg, dy15-fg